Plastic forming and processing equipment is opened on the basis of rubber machinery and metal die-casting machine. Since the emergence of polymer injection moulding technology and simple moulding equipment in the 1970s, as an industry, it was not opened quickly until the 1930s. Plastic moulding equipment has gradually been commercialized. Injection moulding and extrusion moulding have become industrialized processing methods. Blow moulding is the third largest plastic moulding method after injection moulding and extrusion, and it is also a plastic moulding method with faster opening.

Mechanical classification

Plastic Injection Molding Machine

Plastic injection moulding is a method of both injection and moulding. Its equipment is called plastic injection moulding machine, or injection moulding machine for short. Plastic injection moulding machine is the primary moulding equipment for making thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics into various plastic products. General plastic injection moulding machine refers to the horizontal, vertical or angular single-station injection moulding machine which is widely used to process thermoplastic single screw or plunger.

Other types of injection moulding machines, such as thermosetting plastics, structural foaming, multi-component, reactive and exhaust injection moulding machines, refer to some injection moulding machines whose structural characteristics are quite different from those of ordinary plastic injection moulding machines. About 30% of the world's plastic raw materials are used for injection moulding, and the injection moulding machine accounts for about 40% of the total output of plastic machinery. It has become an important part of the plastic processing industry and plastic machinery work. It is one of the machines with faster addition, more variety specifications and more output in plastic machinery products.

Plastic extruder

In the plastic extrusion equipment, the plastic extruder is generally called the main machine, and its supporting follow-up equipment, the plastic extrusion molding machine is called the auxiliary machine. After more than 100 years of opening, plastic extruder has been derived from the original single screw twin screw, multi-screw, and even no screw and other models. Plastic extruder (main machine) can match various plastic forming auxiliary machines such as pipe, film, holding material, monofilament, flat wire, packing belt, extrusion net, sheet (sheet) material, profiled material, granulation, cable cladding, etc. to form various plastic extrusion production lines and produce various plastic products. Therefore, plastic extrusion moulding machines are widely used in plastic processing.

Plastic Blow Molding Machine

Blow moulding consists of two basic processes: first forming the billet, then using compressed air (and stretching rod) to blow the billet radially (and axially) to make it close to (stretch) the blow moulding cavity, giving the shape and standard of the cavity to the product, and cooling it.

Multi-layer blow molding

There are two kinds of blow moulding: co-extrusion blow moulding and co-injection blow moulding, while stretch blow moulding has two kinds: injection stretch blow moulding and extrusion stretch blow moulding. Drawing blow moulding can be divided into one-step method and two-step method.

Press and transfer moulding machine

Pressing and transfer moulding are the primary moulding methods of thermosetting plastics. Press and transfer moulding machine for compression moulding are the primary moulding equipment for thermosetting plastics to be made into various plastic products. The effect of the press is to exert pressure on the plastics through the plastic mould. It is assumed that the fixed mould is selected, and it also has the effect of opening and closing the mould and ejecting the products. Presses used for compression moulding are divided into two categories: motor press and hydraulic press. Because the manufacture, operation and repair of the motor press are messier than those of the hydraulic press, and it is not suitable for pressing large plastic parts, so it is gradually selected. All the presses used are hydraulic presses. Pressure medium of hydraulic press generally includes oil and water, the former is widely used in small and medium-sized equipment. Transfer moulding equipment can be used in the same hydraulic press as compression moulding, or special transfer moulding machine. The transfer moulding machine is actually a double-pressure hydraulic press with two hydraulic cylinders. According to its structure, it can be divided into upper and lower double pressure type and right angle type.

Thermoforming machine

There are only three methods of thermoforming for plastics in thermoforming machine, i. e. negative, positive and opposite moulding. Thermoforming machinery should be able to repeat the thermoforming production cycle in accordance with the procedure to produce the same products. There are many types of thermoforming machines, including manual, semi-automatic and automatic thermoforming machines. The volume of thermoforming products is large and the quantity is small. Semi-automatic or manual thermoforming machines are suitable. On the contrary, if the volume of the product is small and the quantity is large, it is more appropriate to choose the automatic thermoforming machine.

Molding method

The processing and application of plastic moulding machine is an engineering technology, which touches on various processes of changing plastics into plastic products. In the process of modification, one or more of the following conditions often occur, such as polymer rheology and changes in physical and chemical functions.

Restricted molding

The primary equipment for compaction moulding is press and moulding. Presses are mostly self-contained hydraulic presses, ranging in tonnage from tens to hundreds of tons. There are down press and up press. Moulds used for compact moulding are called restrictive moulds, which can be divided into three categories: overflow moulds and semi-overflow moulds. The main advantage of compact moulding is that it can moulded products with larger plane and can produce many products. Its disadvantage is that the production cycle is long and the power is low.

Injection molding

Laminating machine is commonly used for laminating. There are many layers of buoyant hot-pressing plate between the dynamic pressure plate and the fixed pressure plate of this kind of press. The commonly used reinforcing materials for lamination are cotton cloth, glass cloth, paper, asbestos cloth, and the resins are phenolic, epoxy, unsaturated polyester and some thermoplastic resins. Extrusion blow moulding by injection blow moulding Extrusion blow moulding Extrusion stretch blow moulding film coated by hot cladding, fluidized spraying, flame spraying, electrostatic spraying and plasma spraying.

Extrusion molding